The human brain is probably the most complex structure we know of. Yet we still use open-brain surgery, implanted whips, and ...

Restoring lost senses or delivering precise brain signals has required invasive hardware and can’t mimic the brain’s natural, distributed activity patterns. This platform shows the brain can learn to ...

For decades, scientists have worked to peer deeper into the brain. They have wanted to see not just surface activity in the cortex but also the hidden layers beneath, such as the hippocampus, where ...

For decades, scientists have used near-infrared light to study the brain in a noninvasive way. This optical technique, known as fNIRS (functional near-infrared spectroscopy), measures how light is ...

To test the system, the team used mice engineered to have light-responsive cortical neurons. They trained the mice to associate a particular pattern of brain stimulation with a reward. In a series of ...

The thin, flexible, wireless device sits next to a quarter for scale. Device emits complex patterns of light (shown here as an "N") to transmit information directly to the brain. In a new leap for ...