The genetic code appeared on Earth at the origin of life, and the codes of culture arrived almost four billion years later. For a long time it has been assumed that these are the only codes that exist ...
Something written in every biology textbook of the past 70 years may need a rewrite. Not because the science was careless, or ...
Learning to read and write is the beginning of literacy, a progression now mirrored in modern genomics. Scientists first read the human genome, a three-billion-letter biological book, in April 2003.
DNA contains foundational information needed to sustain life. Understanding how this information is stored and organized has been one of the greatest scientific challenges of the last century. With ...
Why do all life forms age and die? For that matter what is life? Tough questions. Perhaps, starting with the last question is best. Life appears to be a code that operates in contradiction to the ...