Computational complexity theory examines the intrinsic difficulty of algorithmic problems by classifying them into hierarchies according to the resources—typically time and space—required for their ...

Computability theory establishes which problems can in principle be solved by mechanical procedures, formalised by the Turing machine model and its equivalents. It draws a firm boundary between ...

Pose a question to a Magic 8 Ball, and it’ll answer yes, no or something annoyingly indecisive. We think of it as a kid’s toy, but theoretical computer scientists employ a similar tool. They often ...

MIP * = RE is not a typo. It is a groundbreaking discovery and the catchy title of a recent paper in the field of quantum complexity theory. Complexity theory is a zoo of “complexity classes” – ...