Sea mollusc shells are patterned not through conscious control, but by chemistry acting at the shell’s growing edge. A thin strip of tissue known as the mantle secretes both the shell material and its ...

Paleobiologist Geerat Vermeij is enthralled with mollusks. Their shells line the surfaces and fill the cabinets and drawers ...

Seashells are so plentiful that you may sometimes take them for granted. Scientists have estimated that just one small stretch of beaches along the Gulf of California contained at least 2 trillion ...

Polychaete worms, particularly those belonging to the family Spionidae, represent a significant challenge to marine mollusks through their shell-boring habits. These annelids penetrate the calcareous ...