Fig 1. An SPI-based output driver (in this case, an L9822 octal relay driver from STMicroelectronics) can be used to provide a random mix of I/O pins at the chip’s output. The circuit in (a) senses a ...

There is one thing that unites almost every computer and logic circuit commonly used in the hardware hacking and experimentation arena. No matter what its age, speed, or internal configuration, ...

Part of setting up a microcontroller when writing a piece of firmware usually involves configuring its connections to the outside world. You define a mapping of physical pins to intenral peripherals ...

With the addition of only a resistor and a capacitor, the low-cost eight-pin PIC12C671 can be used to provide an 8-bit digital-to-analog output (Fig. 1). Of course, this topology will work with ...

With a multitude of ADCchoices available for designers,they must consider whattype of digital-data outputs touse: CMOS (complementarymetal-oxide semiconductor),LVDS (low-voltage differential signaling ...

Among all the Arduino boards, the Uno is most folks' go-to choice, and for good reason. It's the perfect platform to get started with Arduino, it's capable enough to handle a wide range of tasks, and ...

The integration of analog with digital and the increase number of on-chip features in mixed-signal controllers demand more complex I/O structures. Though they are sometimes some of the most neglected ...

Editor’s note: OK designers, pay attention to this series of tutorials for an in-depth understanding of these really useful amplifier architectures that will help you in your designs with a solid and ...