Plants rely on a multi-layered innate immune system that integrates extracellular and intracellular surveillance. At the cell surface, pattern recognition receptors detect conserved microbial or ...
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a pattern recognition receptor central to innate immunity. It recognises lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an outer-membrane component of Gram-negative bacteria, via a ...
Cell signaling is crucial for cells to communicate and function correctly. Disruptions in these pathways, caused by genetic mutations or environmental factors, can lead to uncontrolled cell growth, ...
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