Thermodynamics and statistical physics provide a unified framework linking the macroscopic laws of energy, work, and entropy to the microscopic motions of particles. Thermodynamics, rooted in the laws ...

Brownian motion in the presence of magnetic fields and under non-Markovian dynamics lies at a critical intersection of statistical physics and applied mathematics. This field examines how charged ...

A mysterious magnetic property of subatomic particles called muons hints that new fundamental particles may be lurking undiscovered. In a painstakingly precise experiment, muons’ gyrations within a ...

We’ve created a new way to explore the fundamental constituents of the universe. [Editor’s note: The full, interactive map is available below.] All of nature springs from a handful of components — the ...

The particles that are in an atom: protons, neutrons and electrons The particles that are in protons and neutrons: quarks The four fundamental forces: gravity, electromagnetism, the strong force and ...

The universe has cooked up all sorts of bizarre and beautiful forms of matter, from blazing stars to purring cats, out of just three basic ingredients. Electrons and two types of quarks, dubbed “up” ...