As reviewed in recent posts, bipolar I and bipolar II disorders are associated with substantial functional impairments and increased mortality. Depressive episodes associated with bipolar disorder do ...

Publication bias, especially the lack of publication of negative treatment studies, is known to be a major problem in the medical literature. In particular, it appears that the pharmaceutical industry ...

Mood fluctuations are common during normal daily life as a result of either stressful or pleasant events. However, severe and persistent mood swings that result in psychological distress and ...

Bipolar disorders are characterized by episodes of mania, hypomania, and depression. DSM-5-TR (the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) defines a manic episode as a “distinct period ...

Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition that can cause extreme changes in mood. It is also associated with various structural and functional changes in the brain. People with bipolar disorder ...