Crucial to minimization of adverse events during hemodialysis, clinical estimation of intravascular volume generally relies on dry weight, which is poorly predictive. Ultrasound assessment of indexed ...

This, however, may be insufficient to identify early signs of intravascular volume depletion and to prevent hypotensive episodes. For this reason, clinicians have utilized other measures such as ...

The central venous pressure (CVP) is frequently used to guide fluid management. Indeed, two surveys of European intensivists/anesthesiologists reported that over 90% ...

These methods are not suitable for intra-dialysis testing but may lend themselves to better analyze the intravascular volume at steady state. Their application may enable the clinician to better ...