WLI can measure surface heights ranging from millimeters down to nanometers. The vertical resolution of WLI is not dependent on the field of view or magnification, making it suitable for applications ...

Contact profilometry was likely one of the first techniques designed for measuring the roughness of a material’s surface by physically making contact with a surface or surface forces. Stylus ...

Lasers are being utilized for surface conditioning and precision micro-scale machining in a wide range of industries, including bio-medical device, LED, and semiconductors manufacturing. However laser ...