In 2014, Europe faced a historic choice: rearm or risk irrelevance. Some listened. Others hesitated. Since Russia’s first invasion of Ukraine, Eastern Europe has transformed its military posture. Lithuania increased defence spending by 550%. Poland by 241%. Sweden and Denmark followed. Germany doubled its budget, becoming Europe’s largest defence spender. Poland now spends 4.5% of GDP on defence — even higher than the United States — and produces one million rounds of ammunition daily. Meanwhile

Animation: How the European Map Has Changed Over 2,400 Years